Analysis of the development of China's lithium battery industry in 2022: downstream industry demand growth, the industry has become an investment hotspot   Development background: China's policies drive industry demand, favorable policies and market demand attract large amounts of capital to enter   In September 2020, China officially put forward the low-carbon development goals of "carbon peaking" by 2030 and "carbon neutral" by 2060 at the Federation, and the new energy represented by lithium batteries has become the development trend, with market demand gradually increasing; relevant government departments promulgated A series of favorable policies for the development of the lithium industry, under the dual role, as of the end of December 2021, China's lithium industry investment events amounted to more than 200, related investment amounted to 927.6 billion yuan, an increase of more than 300% year-on-year, compared with the 2018 related 47.7 billion yuan investment, the current related investment amount compound growth rate of 110%, for the development of the industry to inject vitality.   Industry supply: China's lithium industry is booming and it is a major global producer of lithium batteries   China is a large producer of lithium batteries, and the scale of China's lithium battery production will reach 342GWh in 2021, accounting for about 50% of global lithium battery production, and an increase of nearly 120% year-on-year. China's lithium market demand continues to grow at the same time, China's large number of lithium battery exports, 2021, China's exports of lithium batteries 5.358 billion, an increase of 44.27% year-on-year.   Industry materials: enterprises increase the research and development of relevant materials technology, and the supply of lithium resources in the market is tight   Lithium battery material research and development and production enterprises represented by Sansun are increasing investment in lithium battery-related material technology research and development projects, with a view to improving the performance of lithium battery products and enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises. At present, the supply of lithium resources in the Chinese market is insufficient and needs to be supplemented by imported lithium resources from abroad, further intensifying the battle for global lithium resources. According to the latest news, the relevant departments in China have indicated that they will increase the development of lithium resources to increase market supply and ensure the development of related industries.   Development trends: industry development prospects are good, enterprises need to increase lithium resources supply investment to enhance enterprise competitiveness   In 2021, the production and sales of new energy vehicles in China will increase by more than 1.5 times year-on-year, with 13.4% of the vehicles being electrically powered and the proportion of electrically powered new energy vehicles rising by nearly 8 percentage points year-on-year. The significant growth in sales of electric-powered new energy vehicles has led to the continuous development of the industry's upstream lithium battery manufacturing industry, with new energy vehicles becoming one of the main growth points of the lithium battery industry. China's lithium battery market demand is strong, but China's lithium resources are not abundant, making lithium resource supply the biggest constraint to the development of China's lithium battery industry.   Keywords: development environment, industry status, industry raw materials, development trend   I. Development background: China's policies drive industry demand, favorable policies and market demand attract large amounts of capital to enter In September 2020, China formally proposed the low carbon development goals of "carbon peaking" in 2030 and "carbon neutral" in 2060 at the Federation, and in 2021, relevant departments in China promulgated the "double carbon In 2021, the relevant Chinese authorities promulgated two major programmatic documents under the "double carbon" system: the "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on the Complete and Accurate Implementation of the New Development Concept and the Carbon Neutral Work" and the "Carbon Neutral Action Plan for the Year 2030", formally defining China's future green and low-carbon development path. In response, relevant government departments have issued a series of policies related to green industrial development and environmental pollution, some of which involve energy restructuring and new energy development, proposing to vigorously research and develop new energy-related technologies with a view to gradually replacing high-carbon energy applications and reducing environmental pollution in the future.   Batteries are an important energy storage device to reduce traditional energy consumption in modern society, but the traditional lead, mercury and other metal batteries have a general energy storage effect, low recycling rate and high difficulty in recycling, which will cause a considerable burden on the ecological environment. Lithium batteries have the superior characteristics of small size but high energy storage, which can extend the life of electronic devices, and lithium batteries do not produce harmful metals such as lead and mercury, whether in production, use or after disposal, and will not cause pollution to the environment. Lithium batteries have become the development trend of the battery industry, and the research of lithium battery-related products and technologies has become a hot spot for market investment.   Due to technical constraints, the lithium batteries currently produced in China are lithium-ion batteries. In order to regulate the industry standard, the relevant government departments in China revised the relevant regulatory standards in October 2021 and introduced the "Lithium-ion Battery Industry Specification Conditions (2021 this)" and the "Lithium-ion Battery Industry Specification Announcement Management Measures (2021 this)" two lithium battery industry specification standards. In China, China introduced other relevant policies explicitly mentioned to support the research and development of high-performance lithium battery technology breakthroughs.  

1. Reasons for the rapid development of lithium batteries With most countries setting targets for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, there is a broad consensus to develop new energy sources to replace carbon-based fossil energy. Chemical batteries are an effective supplement to new energy sources such as solar and wind power, and are also at the heart of zero-emission vehicles, and countries are committed to developing chemical batteries with high efficiency, safety, high capacity and long service life. Secondary batteries and fuel cells are heavily researched among chemical batteries due to their reusability, but secondary batteries are widely used due to their combined advantages of reusability, ease of development and mass production.   Lithium batteries are the fastest growing commercial secondary batteries in recent years due to their high energy density per unit mass and energy density per unit volume (under the same energy storage conditions, lithium batteries are lighter in mass and smaller in size than lead-acid batteries), as well as their high output voltage, low self-discharge rate, high cycle life and rapid rechargeability. Lithium batteries are mainly divided into lithium-ion and lithium-solid-state batteries. Given that lithium-ion batteries are more mature in terms of manufacturing process and commercial use, lithium-ion batteries are currently used on a large scale. However, lithium solid-state batteries have higher energy density per unit mass and energy density per unit volume, and may become another direction for large-scale commercial use of lithium batteries in the future.   2. Introduction to the lithium-ion battery industry chain The upstream enterprises in the lithium-ion battery industry chain are mainly raw material manufacturers. The raw materials for lithium-ion batteries mainly include: cathode materials, anode materials, diaphragm and electrolyte. Anode materials mainly include lithium manganate, lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate and lithium cobalt-nickel-manganate (i.e. high nickel) ternary lithium. Negative electrode materials include carbon electrodes (graphite is the most widely used), titanium-based negative electrodes, tin alloys and silicon-based materials. Diaphragm materials are mainly polyolefin microporous membranes made of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), etc. The electrolyte is generally a solution obtained by dissolving the electrolyte salt in anhydrous organic solvents. The main electrolyte salts are lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) (the most widely used), LiFSI, etc. The solvents are ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), etc., and additives are used in combination and co-solution.   The midstream enterprises in the lithium-ion battery industry chain are lithium-ion battery manufacturers, who mainly combine raw materials to produce lithium-ion battery cells of different sizes and capacities. The production process (cylindrical cells for example, square cells are similar): the positive materials (e.g. lithium cobalt-nickel-manganate) are mixed with conductive agents and glues and coated on aluminium foil, the negative materials (e.g. graphite) are mixed with conductive agents and glues and coated on copper foil, then baked to remove moisture. The positive and negative lugs are connected to the aluminium and copper foils respectively, electrolyte is injected and caps are welded to form the cells (i.e. a battery). The cells are connected in series and parallel (pure nickel connectors are used in the connection process) to form lithium battery packs and batteries, which are sold to downstream end customers.   Lithium-ion battery downstream: ① consumer electronics, mobile phones, laptops and other electronic products; ② power field, electric vehicles and urban rail locomotives, etc.; ③ energy storage field, for photovoltaic, wind power and other power plants supporting energy storage equipment, layout of long life, low cost, can provide smart grid energy storage solutions to improve the stability, safety and economy of the power system. Lastly, the recycling of lithium batteries: Nickel, cobalt, manganese, lithium and other valuable metals in used lithium-ion batteries are recycled and returned to the upper reaches of the lithium-ion battery industry chain.  

The requirements of the energy storage power station determine what kind of lithium battery is the most suitable energy storage battery.   Generally speaking, the purpose of the application of energy storage power stations in the grid is important to consider load regulation, with new energy access, to make up for line losses, power compensation, improve power quality, isolated network operation, peak shaving and valley filling, and several other major functional applications.   For example: peak shaving and valley filling, improve the grid operating curve, to explain in layman's terms, energy storage power station is like a reservoir, you can take the surplus water stored in the low period of electricity, and then take it out when the peak of electricity, so as to reduce the waste of electricity; in addition, energy storage power station can also reduce line losses, new lines and equipment life.   What are the requirements for the selection of lithium-ion batteries for energy storage? As a storage power station with photovoltaic power generation access, to achieve peak shaving, load compensation and improve power quality applications, energy storage lithium-ion is a very important component that must meet the following requirements.   1, easy to achieve multi-mode combinations to meet higher operating voltage and larger operating current. 2, lithium iron phosphate ion battery capacity and performance of detectable and diagnosable, so that the control system can be achieved in anticipation of the battery capacity and performance of the power station load scheduling control. 3, high safety and reliability: under normal use, the normal service life of the battery is no less than 15 years; under the limit, even if a failure occurs, it is within the controlled range and should not explode, burn or other failures that endanger the safe operation of the power station. 4. good fast response and large multiplier charge/discharge capability, generally requiring 5-10 times charge/discharge capability. 5, higher charge and discharge conversion efficiency, easy to install and maintain, with good environmental adaptability, and a wider range of operating temperatures.   Lithium iron phosphate battery is used in power generation systems for energy storage with good results, as a large-capacity battery storage system technology, lithium iron phosphate battery is preferred.  

Nowadays, electric forklift trucks are becoming more and more widely used. What kind of charger is the right one for the batteries?   The operators and users of enterprise electric forklift chargers are not very well aware of their features and characteristics, and improper use may shorten the battery life and cause headaches after the power and use time are significantly reduced. The purpose of this page is to introduce you to two common chargers and to explain their characteristics.   1. Industrial Frequency Charger   The industrial frequency of electric forklift trucks means low and medium frequency, generally 50HZ in China, which uses linear power supply, generally using a transformer, from high voltage down to low voltage, and then through rectification output DC voltage. Because there is a large volume of transformers in the industrial frequency charger, there is a large weight, internal consumption and other shortcomings; the industrial frequency charger power device has been online working state, so the efficiency may be reduced. But also because of this, industrial frequency chargers have the advantages of simple structure, strong load capacity and high reliability. Linear power supplies are easy to maintain, as most users have maintenance staff familiar with them and spare parts for them. A multimeter is all that is needed to solve the problem, and a more careful electrician can also do the work. There are generally no after-effects after repair, faults can be completely eliminated and performance can be fully restored.   2. High frequency charger   Electric forklift high frequency charger switching power supply power devices work at a high frequency on and off state. The charging process is an "electrical energy - magnetic energy - electrical energy" energy conversion process, first converting alternating current into high frequency current, then converting it into low voltage after rectifying. High frequency transformers rectify low voltage DC output and regulate oscillation frequency to achieve voltage regulation. Consequently, switching power supplies without good shielding is susceptible to interference by emission harmonics and deterioration of voltage stabilization, therefore resulting in voltage fluctuations or frequency variations. The voltage can suddenly rise, burning the battery, if the protection circuit of the switching power supply is not well designed. High frequencies result in higher conversion efficiency, less energy is wasted on heat and vibration, and smaller transformer cores are needed.   A professional production team and a rigorous quality control department ensure that Guangdong Titans’ forklifts pass all quality testing before leaving the factory as customised products better meet the needs of forklift trucks that use different scenarios.  

Maintenance of a forklift or any industrial machine is an important factor in the cost of a forklift or any industrial machine. Forklifts must be maintained properly if they are to be used safely and efficiently, whether they are given for rent or purchased. Different types of forklift trucks require varying levels of maintenance, with some requiring significantly more than others.   Electric Forklift Electric-powered forklifts don’t need as much maintenance as those powered by internal combustion engines. That’s because there are fewer parts to maintain. The mechanics of an electric counterbalance are much simpler, but they still need to be inspected to ensure that everything is in good working condition. It is essential to check the battery to make sure it has sufficient water/electrolyte and is properly charged.   What is the best forklift battery? Lithium-Ion Battery Maintenance In terms of maintenance costs after sales, Lithium Ion forklifts are the most cost-effective. There is no maintenance needed for the battery, and it has the same low maintenance cost as a lead acid battery forklift. Batteries made from lithium-ion are the perfect combination for Titans, spare parts, and after-sales administration. Unlike lead acid trucks with similar capabilities, lithium-ion counterbalance trucks do not require cleaning, watering, or equalized charging.   The Battery None Required Lithium-ion Charger Maintenance   A lithium-ion battery charger should be cared for and maintained to the same standard as a lead acid charger as detailed above. With a professional after-sales team, we give you and your machine a professional service.

Ternary lithium battery or lithium iron phosphate battery for the same price? Generally preferred ternary lithium, can have better range and low temperature resistance characteristics, but under normal circumstances will not have such a choice, because lithium iron phosphate and ternary lithium manufacturing costs there is a certain gap, in general, in high with the electric car models with ternary lithium battery, low with the electric car with lithium iron phosphate. The following article explains the difference between ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries.   1, ternary lithium high energy density   Ternary lithium energy density is generally 180-230Wh/kg, and high nickel ternary lithium battery is easy to reach 250Wh/kg, but high nickel will increase battery instability. The energy density of lithium iron phosphate is generally 140-160 Wh/kg, the highest or up to 180 Wh/kg. blade battery is also a lithium iron phosphate, such as the first generation of blade battery energy density of 140 Wh/kg, the second generation or to achieve 180 Wh/kg.   To be precise, the battery energy density is divided into weight energy density and volume energy density, the former is what we often talk about, the latter is less attention, but as important. Such as the blade battery structure innovation, volume energy density from 251Wh / L to 320Wh / L, although the weight energy density is not high, but the range to catch up with the ternary lithium.   2, ternary lithium is more resistant to low temperature   Lithium battery will become weak chicken in low temperature, lithium iron phosphate low temperature limit value is generally -20 ℃, lithium ternary can withstand -30 ℃ low temperature, and 0 to -20 ℃, lithium battery attenuation of about 10%-30%, and lithium ternary attenuation degree is generally 10% lower than lithium iron phosphate. At present, many car companies and battery manufacturers are developing more advanced thermal management technology, as a way to improve the low-temperature performance of power batteries.   3, lithium iron phosphate longer life   Ternary lithium battery charge and discharge cycle times are generally 2000 times, while lithium iron phosphate is generally 3000, ternary lithium 1.5 times. Battery life will not be expressed in years, but using the number of charge and discharge cycles for yi old, such as 2000 times, that is, after 2000 charge and discharge cycles battery attenuation of less than 20%. That is, after 2000 cycles, the battery capacity is equivalent to only 80% left, continue to use or continue to continuously decay.   4, lithium iron phosphate is safer   Through the needling test, the traditional lithium iron phosphate battery without open flame, smoke, the surface temperature reached 200 ℃ ~ 400 ℃, while the ternary lithium needling instantly appeared after the temperature rise of more than 500 degrees, and began to burn violently.   5, lithium iron phosphate cost less  

As new energy vehicles develop, there are more and more innovations in new energy vehicle batteries. China is vigorously developing new energy vehicles, with national and local subsidies and licensing restrictions making new energy vehicles increasingly the best choice for car buyers. Most consumers only care about the range of electric vehicles, but ignore the core power of electric vehicles, the "power battery". What types of batteries are available for new energy vehicles today? Types and characteristics of new energy vehicle batteries.   I. Lithium iron phosphate battery Charging process, lithium iron phosphate in part of the lithium ion off, through the electrolyte transfer to the negative electrode, embedded in the negative carbon material; at the same time from the positive electrode to release electrons, from the external circuit to the negative electrode, to maintain the balance of chemical reactions. During the discharge process, lithium ions come out of the negative electrode and pass through the electrolyte to the positive electrode, while electrons are released from the negative electrode and reach the positive electrode from the external circuit to provide energy to the outside world.     Lithium iron phosphate battery features 1, high energy density. 2019 some excellent battery manufacturers can probably achieve an energy density of 175-180Wh/kg level, individual manufacturers using a stacking process, energy density of 185Wh/kg. 2, good safety performance, lithium iron phosphate cathode material electrochemical properties are relatively stable, which determines that it has a smooth charge and discharge platform, therefore, the structure of the battery will not change during the charge and discharge process, will not burn and explode, and even in short circuit, overcharge, extrusion, pinprick and other special conditions, is still very safe;. 3, long cycle life, lithium iron phosphate battery 1C cycle life is generally up to 2000 times, or even reach more than 3500 times, and for energy storage market requirements to reach more than 4000-5000 times to ensure 8-10 years of service life, higher than the cycle life of ternary batteries more than 1000 times, while the cycle life of long-life lead-acid batteries in about 300 times. 4, safe and environmentally friendly lithium iron phosphate batteries do not contain any heavy metals or rare metals, safe, non-toxic or non-polluting, for absolute green batteries. Due to the entire production process of lithium iron phosphate materials, clean and non-toxic, all raw materials are non-toxic and non-polluting.   Second, ternary lithium polymer batteries Ternary polymer lithium battery refers to the positive electrode material using nickel drill lithium manganate (Li (NicoMn) O2) or nickel drill lithium aluminate ternary positive electrode material of lithium batteries, ternary composite positive electrode material is nickel salt, drill salt, manganese salt as raw materials, nickel drill manganese ratio can be adjusted as necessary.   The characteristics of ternary polymer lithium battery 1, high energy density, theoretical energy density reaches 280 mAh/g, the actual capacity density of the product exceeds 150 mAh/g. 2, good cycling performance, with excellent cycling stability at both room temperature and high temperature. 3. High voltage platform, stable and reliable cycling in the voltage range of 2.5-4.3/4.4V. 4、Long cycle life, maintaining more than 80% capacity for 500 cycles. 5, ideal crystal structure, small self-discharge, no memory effect. III. Nickel-hydrogen battery Nickel-metal hydride battery is a kind of battery with good performance. NiMH batteries are divided into high-voltage NiMH batteries and low-voltage NiMH batteries. The positive active material of the NiMH battery is Ni(OH)2 (called NiO electrode), the negative active material is metal hydride, also called hydrogen storage alloy (electrode called hydrogen storage electrode), and the electrolyte is 6 mol/L potassium hydroxide solution. Nickel-hydrogen batteries are increasingly being noticed as an important direction for hydrogen energy applications. Features of NiMH batteries 1. High reliability, good protection against over-discharge and over-charging, high charge and discharge rates and no dendrite formation. It has good specific characteristics. Energy density of 60mAh/g. 2. Long cycle life, up to several thousand times. 3. Excellent low temperature performance, no significant change in capacity at -10°C.